Coulomb’s force

it describes the interaction between two particles based on their charge
opposite charges are attracted towards one another, same charges are repelled from one another
same charges do not interact via Coulomb’s force
Coulomb’s forces can be also described as ion-ion interactions

Van der Waals forces

it descrbies the interaction of two molecules that do not have a dipole
they are the results of temporary dipoles
instantaneous dipole occurs when in a non-polar molecule electron density is higher closer to one of the bonding partners
- this is caused by the constant movement of electrons
- in the moment instantaneous dipole occurs, the molecule is very slightly polar
instantaneous dipoles can cause the induction of dipoles in other molecules surrounding it, thus creating induced dipoles
London dispersion forces are therfore instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions
the strength of these interactions rises with the propability of creating an instantaneous dipole, which rises with the number of electrons
they can be found between all molecules and atoms

it describes the interaction of two molecules, one which does not have a dipole and one which does
permanent dipole exists in all polar molecules
permanent dipoles can induce dipoles in other non-polar molecules
Debye forces are therore permanent dipole-induced dipole interactions
Debye forces occure for example between a molecule of water and an oxygen molecule
- fish can breath under water thanks to this

it is a special case of the Keesom interactions
it forms between a hydrogen of a polar compound and the negatively chrged end of another pole molecule
it strongly influences the physical properties of different substances

ions can interact with permanent dipoles rather easily
it occurs in solutions, where a polar solvent interacts strongly with ions of salts
- it results in disolution of the salt, as the molecule is ripped appart