• -> The house was built in 1981
    • věta v trpném rodě
    • činný rod: Somebody built this house in 1981.
  • činný rod
    • sloveso se přímo váže na podmět a vyjadřuje, co podmět dělá
  • trpný rod
    • sloveso se přímo na podmět neváže a nevyjadřuje co podmět dělá
    • vyjadřuje, co se podmětu děje
    • tvoří se pomocí be + participium minulé
  • v momentě použití trpného rodu nás nezajímá původce děje
    • -> A lot of money was stolen in the robbery.
    • pokud chceme vyjádřit původce děje za užití trpného rodu, použijeme by
      • -> This house was built by my grandfather.

Porovnání slovesných rodů v jednotlivých časech

Čas Rod činný Příklad Rod trpný Příklad
Infinitiv (to) do, clean, see Somebody will clean this room later. (to) be done, cleaned, seen This room will be cleaned later.
Participium minulé v infinitivu (to) have done, cleaned, seen Somebody should have cleaned this room. (to) have been done, cleaned, seen The room should have been cleaned
Předpřítomný have/has done, cleaned, seen The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it. have/has been done, cleaned, seen The room looks nice. It has been cleaned.
Předminulý had done, cleaned, seen The room looked nice. Somebody had cleaned it. had been done, cleaned, seen The room looked nice. It had been cleaned.
Přítomný průběhový be doing, cleaning, seeing Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment. be being done, cleaned, seen The room is being cleaned at the moment.
Minulý průběhový was/were doing, cleaning, seeing Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived. was/were being done, cleaned, seen The room was being cleaned when I arrived.
Struktura činného a trpného rodu v různých časech s příklady

Fráze s trpným rodem

  • I was given, we were offered
    • některá slovesa se mohou pojit na dva objekty
      • ask, give, offer, pay, show, tell
      • -> My grandfather gave me this watch.
    • pokud neznáme subjekt, můžeme u nich použít trpný rod
    • -> I’ve been offered the job, but after some thought, I don’t think I want it.
  • I was born
    • pokud mluvíme o svém nebo jakémkoli narození, musíme použít trpný rod
    • -> I was born in 2005.
    • -> Many babies are born in March.
  • Get
    • get se používá v trpném rodě místo be pokud se něco děje
    • používá se spíš v hovorové angličtině
    • -> There was a fight, but nobody got hurt.
    • -> I’m surprised Liz didn’t get offered the job.
  • It is said that, he is said to, he is supposed to
    • vyjadřuje názor většinové společnosti
    • dají se použít slovesa believed, considered, expected, known, reported, thought, understood a další
    • -> Cathy loves running. She is said to have run a whole marathon.
    • -> Two people are reported to have been killed during the attack on the field hospital.
    • supposed to
      • může se použít místo it is said
      • někdy znamená, že je něco očekáváno nebo plánováno
        • -> The plan is supposed to be a secret, but everybody knows about it.
      • zápor (not supposed to) vyjadřuje zákaz nebo doporučení
        • -> You’re not supposed to park here. It’s private parking only.
  • Have something done
    • = arrange somebody to do it for me
    • struktura: have + objekt + participium minulé
    • můžeme použít i get it done
    • -> I had the paint redone recently.
    • -> Did you have your haircut done by that new hairdresser downtown?
    • -> Paul and Kate had their bags stolen.