In
Čas
- používáme pro delší časové úseky
- měsíce (in June)
- roky (in 2011)
- roční období (in winter)
- části dne (in the morning)
- etc. (in 19th century, in the future)
- používáme pro vyjádření za jak dlohou dobu se něco stane (in a moment, in a few minutes, in six months)
- používáme pro vyjádření jak dlouho něco trvá (I learnt how to drive in four weeks.)
Pozice
- referuje na pozici uvnitř nebo ve vymezeném prostoru
- -> There is no-one in the room/in the building/in the garden.
- -> What do you have in your hand/in your mouth?
- -> When we were in Italy, we spent a few days in Venice.
- -> I have a friend who lives in a small village in mountains.
- -> There were some people swimming in the pool/in the river/in the sea.
- -> When I go to cinema, I like to sit in the front row.
- -> James isn’t up yet, he’s still in bed.
- -> It was a lovely day. There wasn’t a cloud in the sky.
- -> She has just started working in the sales department.
Další použití
- pro počasí
- -> We sat the shade. It was too hot to sit in the sun.
- -> Don’t go out in the rain.
- pro jazyk a měnu
- -> How do you say ‘thank you’ in Ukrainian.
- (fall/be) in love (with somebody)
- -> They’re very happy together. They’re in love.
- in a good/bad mood
- -> You seem to be in a bad mood today. What’s the matter?
- in somebody’s opinion
- -> The movie wasn’t very good in my opinion.
At
Čas
- pro přesný čas (at 11.45)
- pro obecný čas (at lunchtime)
- pro svátky (at Christmas)
- pro vymezení časového úseku se slovními spojeními
- the moment, the minute, this time, the same time, the weekend, night
Pozice
- referuje na relativně přesnou pozici
- -> Do you know the man standing at the door/at the window?
- -> Turn left at the traffic lights/at the roundabout/at the church.
- -> We have to get off the bus at the next stop.
- -> When you leave the hotel, please leave your key at the reception.
- -> Write your name at the top of the page.
- -> Jans’s hous at the other end of the street.
- referuje na událost
- -> Were there many people at the party.
- -> We only met once at the meeting.
Další použití
- říkáme at the age of 16, at 90 miles an hour, at 100 degrees,…
- -> Stacy left school at 16.
- -> Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
On
Čas
- pro dny (on Monday, on New Year’s day)
- pro data (on May 16th 2012)
- v americké angličtině můžeme říct i on weekends
Pozice
- referuje na pozici na povrchu něčeho
- -> I sat on the floor/on the ground.
- -> There’s a dirty mark on the wall/on the ceiling/on you nose.
- -> This hotel is on a small island.
- další použití:
- -> In Britain, we drive on the left.
- -> Our flat is on the second floor.
- -> Here’s a shopping list. Don’t buy anything that isn’t on the list.
- -> Have you ever worked on a farm.
- -> Budapest in on the river Danube.
- -> Portsmouth is on the south coast of England.
- -> We stopped in a small village on the way to London.
Další použití
- on TV/the radio
- -> I heard the weather forecast on the radio.
- on the phone
- -> I’ve never met her, but I’ve spokem to her on the phone.
- on fire
- -> Look! The car is on fire.
- on purpose = intentionally
- -> He must have done it on purpose.
- on the whole = in general
- -> Sometimes, I have problems at work, but on the whole I enjoy my job.
- be/go on holiday/vacation, on a trip/tour/cruise, on buisness, on strike, on a diet
Rozdíly
In the fornt/at the front/on the front
- In
- -> I was sitting in the back of the car when we crashed.
- At:
- -> Let’s sit at the front of the cinema.
- On:
- -> I wrote the date on the back of the photograph.
In the corner/at(on) the corner
- In:
- -> The TV is in the corner of the room.
- At/On:
- -> There is post box at/on the corner of the street.
In hospital/at home
- říkáme in hospital, in jail
- -> Ann’s mother is in hospital.
- říkáme at work, at home, at school
- -> I’ll be at work until 5.30.
- at sea X in sea
- At:
- We were at sea for thirty days.
- In:
- I love swimming in sea.
- At:
In a supermarket/at a supermarket
- s budovami lze používat jak in tak at
- at se preferuje, když se bavíme o místech, kde se něco událo
- -> The meeting took place at the company’s head office in Frankfurt.
- in se zásadně používá když hovoříme o budovách samotných
- -> There is a lot of greenery in the comapny’s head office.
- říkáme at the station, at the airport
- -> Meet me at the station.
- říkáme at somebody’s (house) nebo at doctor’s, at hairdresser’s
- -> I was at Sue’s (house) last night.
In Nottingham/at Nottingham
- pro města a vesnice se používá in
- -> Sam’s parents live in Nottingham.
- pokud ovšem chceme říct, že nějaké město je zastávkou na naší cestě, můžeme použít at
- -> Does the train stop at Nottingham?
On a bus/in a car
- říkáme on a bus, on a plane, on a bike, ale in a car a in a taxi
On time/in time
- on time = včas
- pokud se něco stane on time, stane se to tak jak to bylo plánováno
- -> The 11.45 train left on time.
- pokud se něco stane on time, stane se to tak jak to bylo plánováno
- in time (for) = soon enough
- -> Will you be home in time for dinner.
- opakem je too late (to)
- -> I arrived home too late to watch the game.
- můžeme taky říct just in time (for), což znamená almost too late
- -> We got to a station just in time for our train.
At the end/in the end
- at the end (of) = at the same time when something ends
- -> I’m going away at the end of January.
- opakem je at the beginning
- -> I’m going away at the beginning of January.
- in the end = finally
- in the end používáme když mluvíme o výsledku nějaké akce
- -> We had a lot of problems with our car. We sild it in the end.
- opakem je at first
- -> At first we didn’t get on very well, but in the end we became good friends.
- in the end používáme když mluvíme o výsledku nějaké akce