Úvod

  • některá slovesa často používáme s adverbii, jako třeba in, on, out, away, up, by, about, over, (a)round, down, back, through, along, forward, off (například ran away, look out, get off)
  • těmto slovesům se obecně říká frázová slovesa
  • frázová slovesa se často používají pro vyjádření pohybu
    • -> The bus was full. We couldn’t get on.
  • přadání adverbia často mění význam původního slovesa
    • -> I took my keys before going out. X It was my first flight. I was nervous as the plane took off.
  • někdy po frázovém slovesu následuje předložka
    • -> We looked up at the plane as it flew above us.
  • objekt následující po frázovém slovese může mít 2 umístění:
    • za slovesem
      • -> I turned on the light.
    • mezi slovesem a prepozicí
      • -> I turned the light on.
    • pokud je objektem zájmeno, umisťuje se jako v případě 2
      • -> I turned it on.

In a out

Rozdíli mezi in a out

  • in se používá při vstupu do budovy, místnosti, auta,…
    • -> How did the thieves get in.
    • -> As soon as I got to the airport, I checked in.
  • in lze narozdíl s into používá s frázovými slovesy za změny jejich původního významu
    • -> I’m moving in on Friday. X I’m moving into my new flat on Friday.
  • out se používá při odchodu z budovy, místnosti, auta,…
    • -> Stay in the car. Don’t get out.
    • -> We payed the hotel bill and checked out.
  • je rozdíl mezi out a of
    • -> She climbed out.
    • -> She climbed out of the pool.

Jednotlivá slovesa s in

  • drop in = visit somebody at home without arranging it
    • -> I dropped in to see Chris on my way home.
  • join in = take part in something that is already going on
    • -> They were playing cards, so I joined in.
  • plug in = connect an electrical machine to electricity
    • -> The fridge isn’t working because you haven’t pluged it in.
  • take somebody in = decieve somebody
    • -> The man said he was a policeman and a believed him. I was completely taken in.
  • fill in/out = write the necessary information into some sort of a document
    • -> Please fill in in the application and send it to us by 28 Ferbruary. = Please fill out the…

Jednotlivá slovesa s out

  • eat out = eat at a restaurant, not at home
    • -> There wasn’t anything to eat at home, so we decided to eat out.
  • drop out = stop before completely finishing a university, college,…
    • -> Gary went to university but dropped out after a year.
  • get out = avoid doing something
    • -> I promised I’d go to the wedding. I can’t get out of it.
  • leave something out = omit it, not include it
    • -> In the sentence ‘She said that she was ill’, you can leave out the word ’that’.
  • cross something out
    • -> Some of the names on the list had been crossed out.

Další použití out

Out = nehoří, nesvítí

  • někdy out používáme, když něco přestane hořet nebo vypdnousvětla,…
  • v takovém smyslu používáme tyto výrazy:
    • go out 
      • -> Suddenly all the lights in the building went out.
    • put out 
      • -> I put the fire out with a fire extinguisher.
    • turn out 
      • -> I turned the lights out before leaving.
    • blow out 
      • -> We don’t need a candle. You can blow it out.

Work out__work out má několik významů

  • work out = do physical exercises
    • -> Rachel works out at the gym three times a week.
  • work out = develop, progress
    • -> Good luck. I hope everything works out for you.
    • -> He left the company because thing just didn’t work out.
  • work out for calculations
    • -> The total bill for three people is £97.35. That works out at £32.45 each.
  • work something out = claculate
    • -> I can’t work this expression out in my head.
  • work/figure out = understand, find a solution to a problem
    • -> Investigators are trying to work out what caused the accident.

Další spojení s out

  • carry out 
    • -> Soldiers are expected to carry out orders.
  • find out 
    • -> The police never found out who murdered this man.
  • give/hand out 
    • -> I handed out the paperwork and finally got some rest.
  • point out 
    • -> I didn’t realize I made a mistake until somebody pointed it out to me.
  • run out 
    • -> We ran out of fuel on the way there.
  • sort out 
    • -> There are a few problems that need to sorted out.
  • turn out (turn out to be, turn out good, turn out that)
    • -> As it turns out, vaccines do not cause autism or cancer.
  • try out 
    • -> I tried out the new phone and it turned out to be pretty amazing.

On a off

On a off se spotřebiči

  • říkáme turn the light off, leave the light on
    • -> I’ve already switched the heating off.
  • můžeme říkat put some music on
    • -> Let’s put some music on. What do you want to hear?

On a off s událostmi

  • go on = happen 
    • -> What’s going on?
  • **call something off **
    • -> The concert in the park had to be called off because of the pandemic.
  • put something off = delay 
    • -> We can’t put off making a decision, we have to decide now.

On a off s oblečením

  • put on - nasadit si; take off - sundat si
    • -> You have to put on a respirator before going inside.
    • -> I need to take off the jacket, it’s too hot in here.
  • put on weight - přibrat
    • -> I’ve put on two kilos in the last month.
  • try on
    • -> I tried on a jacket in the shop, but it didn’t look right.

Off ve spojení s prostorem

  • be off 
    • -> Tomorrow I’m off to Paris.
  • walk/run/drive/ride/go off 
    • -> I got on my bike and rode off.
  • set off 
    • -> We set off early to avoid as much traffic as possible.
  • take off 
    • -> The plane finally took off after 45 minutes of waiting.
  • see somebody off 
    • -> Helen was going away. We went to the station with her to see her off.

On ve spojení s kontinuálností

  • go on 
    • -> The party went on until 4 o’clock in the morning.
  • go/carry on doing something 
    • -> I carried on doing nothing to show my disapproval.
    • go/carry on with 
      • -> I have to carry on with what I’m doing or I’ll be fired.
  • keep on 
    • -> He kept on telling me how I should do things differently.
  • drive/walk/play on 
    • -> We have to drive on just a few more hours and then we can have some rest.

Get on

  • get on má několik významů:
    • progress 
      • -> How are getting on with the project?
    • have a good relationship 
      • -> We don’t really get on with my friends. We all have different opinions.
    • get on with something 
      • -> I must get on with this project or else I’ll be fired.

Off v dalších spojeních

  • doze/drop/nod off 
    • -> I dozed off during the lecture. It was very boring.
  • finish something off 
    • -> I’ll finish the paper off tomorrow when I have new ideas.
  • go off 
    • -> I was just dreaming about success when the alarm went off.
  • put somebody off 
    • -> The color put me off when I looked at it.
  • rip somebody off 
    • -> I think you were ripped off paying for this phone that much.
  • show off 
    • -> I don’t know why he has to show off his new clothes.
  • tell somebody off 
    • -> Our teacher told us off for being loud during the lesson.

Up a down

Rozdíl mezi up a down

  • put something up_ X _take something down
    • -> I put a picture up on the wall.
    • -> I didn’t like the picture on the wall, so I took it down.
  • put something down_ X _put something down
    • -> There was a coin on the ground so I picked it up.
    • -> When I was finished writing, I put the pen down.
  • stand up_ X _sit/bend/lie down
    • -> Alan stood up and walked away.
    • -> I was so tired I needed to lie down for a moment.
  • turn something up_ X _turn something down
    • -> The TV is too quiet. Can you turn it up a bit?
    • -> Now it’s too loud. Turn it down a little.

Down

Knock down, cut down,…

  • -> Some old houses were knocked down because they weren’t safe according to today’s standards.
  • -> A man was knocked down by a car and take to hospital to ICU.
  • -> Many homes burnt down in the big forest fire.

Down ve smyslu ubývat

  • slow down 
    • -> You can’t drive that fast in a municipality! Slow down!
  • calm down 
    • -> The problem you have is not such a big deal, you can calm down.
  • cut down on 
    • -> I should cut down on meat and eat more vegetables.

Down v dalších spojeních

  • break down 
    • -> Our washing machine broke down again and we have to get back to washing the dishes by hand.
  • close/shut down 
    • -> The school here was closed down for hygienic purposes.
  • let somebody down 
    • -> We played football today and I made many mistakes. I really let my team down.
  • turn something/somebody down 
    • -> I decided that I wouldn’t apply for the job at the end. I turned the application down.
  • write something down 
    • -> This information was pretty important so I wrote it down just in case.

Up

Up v kontextu pohybu

  • go/come/walk up 
    • -> A man came up to me and asked me for directions.
  • catch up 
    • -> The traffic is pretty bad. Go now and I’ll catch up with you (catch you up) later.
  • keep up 
    • -> Hey slow down a little I can’t keep up with you.

Up v kontextu začátku nebo přípravy

  • set up 
    • -> I’ve set this system up to make better notes and learn in my way.
  • take up 
    • -> I took up playing the piano a few years ago and I think I’m now pretty good at it.
  • fix up 
    • -> We fixed up a meeting for next Monday.

Grow up a bring up

  • grow up 
    • -> I grew up in Chicago but then I moved to New York.
  • bring up 
    • -> Her parents died when I was very young so her grandparents had to bring her up.

Up v kontextu úklidu

  • clean/clear/tidy up 
    • -> I need to tidy up my room before my girlfriend arrives.
  • wash up 
    • -> I hate washing up.

Up v kontextu destrukce

  • blow up 
    • -> A bomb blew up in the near shop center.
  • tear something up 
    • -> I teared the contract up when I saw it.
  • beat somebody up 
    • -> My close friend had to be taken to hospital after being beaten up.

Up v dalších významech

  • end up
    • -> I fell asleep on the bus and ended up on the terminus.
    • -> I ended up breaking up with her.
  • give up
    • -> I gave up doing it because it was just too hard for me.
    • -> I gave my job up because I fundamentally disagreed on the direction we had as a company with my boss.
  • make up 
    • -> Children make up a really small part of the population in the Czech Republic.
  • make up 
    • -> The story in this article is completely made up.
  • take up 
    • -> This bed takes up so much space that I can’t fit anything else in the room.
  • turn/show up 
    • -> I turned up at the meeting a bit later because of the heavy traffic.
  • use up 
    • -> I’ve used all the shampoo and I need a new one.
  • bring up 
    • -> Please do not bring up her illness when she comes.
  • come up 
    • -> Some interesting things came up in our discussion yesterday.
    • come up with 
      • -> I came up with a solution to our problem.
  • cheer up 
    • -> I cheered my friend up today and her friends were very grateful for that.
  • save up 
    • -> I’m now saving up for a chemistry course.
  • clear up 
    • -> Let me clear things up before I start.
  • break up 
    • -> I didn’t have enough time for my girlfriend so I decided to break up with her. I think it was better for her.
  • do up 
    • -> It’s quite cold. Do up your coat before you go out.
    • -> Our flat has been done up a few years ago but it would need another reconstruction now.
  • look up 
    • -> I don’t know this word. I need to look it up later.
  • put up with 
    • -> I had to put up with waking up early because I live quite far from my school.
  • hold up 
    • -> Plans for the new study room were held up because new problems needed fixing first.
  • mix up 
    • -> My two friends are very similar and teachers always mix them up.

Away a back

Rozdíly mezi away a back

  • go away_ X _be back
    • -> We’re going away for a holiday next month.
    • -> We’ll be back in two weeks.
  • drive/fly/blow/take away_ X _walk/give/put back
    • -> We drove away in a car, but we had to walk back home.
  • stejným způsobem používáme walk/run/look away nebo go/come/take back

Další spojení s away

  • get away 
    • -> They had gotten away before we came. Coincidence?
    • get away with 
      • -> I parked in a no-parking zone but I got away with it without having to pay a fine.
  • keep away 
    • -> I should keep away from this night club. Drunk people might hurt me.
  • give away 
    • -> The computers in this store are so cheap. They are basically giving them away.
  • put away 
    • -> I never put things away. I always throw them somewhere and I can’t find them later.
  • throw away 
    • -> I threw away a book called ‘The Alchemist’ because I didn’t want to look like a Paul Coile supporter.

Další spojení s back

  • wawe/smie/shout/hit back 
    • -> Some people on the boat waved at us, so we waved back.
  • call/phone/ring back 
    • -> I didn’t hear my phone during the meeting and my mum called, so I have to call her back.
  • get back to 
    • -> I got a mail from my school but I’ve never got back to them.
  • look back 
    • -> Now that I’m looking back at my choices without the fog of the unknown, I would have made different ones.
  • pay back 
    • -> I have to pay back my friend who lend me money few weeks ago. them later.__
  • throw away 
    • -> I threw away a book called ‘The Alchemist’ because I didn’t want to look like a Paul Coile supporter.